Classification of orthopedic instruments

Orthopedic instruments generally refer to professional medical instruments used specifically for orthopedic surgery. According to the classification of the State Food and Drug Administration, they are usually divided into: Class I; Class II and Class III. According to the purpose and performance, they are mainly divided into orthopedic knives, orthopedic scissors, orthopedic forceps, orthopedic hooks, orthopedic needles, orthopedic scrapers, orthopedic cones, orthopedic drills, orthopedic saws, orthopedic chisels, orthopedic files/shovels, orthopedic active instruments, etc.
Orthopedic knives
1.
Osteotomy knives usually consist of a blade and a handle, with a hard, sharp, single-edged cutting blade at the distal end and a handle at its proximal end. They are generally made of stainless steel. They are used to remove and cut bones. Common ones include bone knives, osteotomy knives, cutting knives, meniscus knives, tibial cutters, tibial cutters, and shaving knives.
2.
Orthopedic endoscopic knives usually consist of a head, a rod, and a handle. The head is a blade that transmits and controls the work of the head through the handle operation. The head is generally made of stainless steel. The operation is performed under the endoscope during surgery, and it is used in minimally invasive orthopedic surgery to remove and peel off the diseased tissue. For example, intervertebral disc reamer and arthroscopic scalpel.
3.
The reaming knife is generally made of stainless steel. It consists of a reamer rod and a clamping handle or a knife head with a reaming cutting edge. It is used for reaming intervertebral discs and reaming or reaming holes, medullary cavity reconstruction and expansion in orthopedic surgery. Common ones include medullary cavity reamer, bone reamer, and pressurized screw reamer.
4.
Knife for plaster cutting Plaster knives are usually composed of blades and handles. The distal end of the blade can be in various shapes, usually round. It is generally made of stainless steel. Used for cutting plaster and bandages.
Orthopedic scissors
1.
Orthopedic endoscopic scissors are usually composed of a head, a rod or a soft catheter and a handle. The head is a pair of blades with cutting edges, which are transmitted and controlled by the handle operation. The head is generally made of stainless steel. During surgery, the scissors are operated under the endoscope and used to cut tissue. Common ones include arthroscopic surgical scissors.
2.
Scissors for bone and tissue usually consist of a pair of blades connected in the middle, and the head is a blade. They are usually made of stainless steel. They are used to cut bones, ligaments or tissues. Common ones include bone scissors, bone biting scissors, double joint bone biting scissors, double joint spinous process bone scissors, and knee joint ligament surgical scissors.
3.
Scissors for implants or plaster usually consist of a pair of blades connected in the middle, and the head is a blade. They are usually made of stainless steel. They are used to cut implants or plaster. Common ones include wire scissors, desktop wire scissors, steel needle scissors, titanium cage scissors, titanium mesh scissors, and plaster scissors.
Orthopedic forceps
1.
Orthopedic endoscopic forceps usually consist of a head, a rod or a soft catheter and a handle. The head is a pair of blades with a beak, which is transmitted and controlled by the handle. The head is usually made of stainless steel. During surgery, the scissors are operated under the endoscope and used to clamp tissues or instruments. Common ones include surgical forceps for arthroscopy and meniscus basket forceps.
2.
The clamping/reduction forceps are usually composed of a handle, a forceps head and a gill screw. The inner surface of the forceps head is often provided with teeth, and a locking device can be provided between the handles. It is generally made of stainless steel. During surgery, it is operated under an endoscope and is used to clamp tissue or vertebral bodies. Common ones include bone holding forceps, three-claw bone holding forceps, nail holding forceps, plate holding forceps, rod holding forceps, hook holding forceps, needle holding forceps, screw clamping forceps, reduction forceps, patella forceps, three-claw bone reduction forceps, pelvic reduction forceps, percutaneous reduction forceps, pulley joint forceps, rotating rod forceps, extraction forceps, and clamping forceps.
3.
Bone rongeurs usually consist of a handle, a forceps head, a spring sheet and a gill screw. The types can be single joint, double joint, and skull. Among them, the single joint rongeurs can be divided into straight and angular (anterior) curved types, and the double joint rongeurs can be divided into straight, angular (anterior) curved, and spinous process types. The head is generally made of stainless steel. It is used to bite dead bone or trim bone stumps. Common ones include vertebral plate rongeurs, vertebral rongeurs, cervical rongeurs, cervical double joint rongeurs, elbow flat spinous process rongeurs, gun-shaped rongeurs, rongeurs, single joint rongeurs, double joint rongeurs, dead bone rongeurs, joint rongeurs.
4.
Tissue forceps usually consist of a handle, a pliers head, a spring sheet and a branchial screw. The head is generally made of stainless steel. It is used to bite off tissue or polyps in orthopedic surgery. Common ones include knee polyp pliers, tendon pliers, knee polyp pliers, tendon pliers, and nucleus pulposus pliers.
5.
The handle of the distraction pliers is strong and the head is gradually thin. It has straight and curved types and a variety of sizes. The traction blade is located at the working end. Through a single or double pivot action, the pivot transmits the force required for traction. It is generally made of stainless steel. It is used to distract vertebrae, tissues or implants in orthopedic surgery. Common ones include orthopedic distractors, vertebral body distractors, orthopedic distractors, spinal distractors, femoral distractors, cervical distractors, vertebral body distractors, pelvic distractors, intervertebral distractors, posterior spinal distractors, and cone plate distractors.
6.
Compression pliers usually consist of left and right pliers handles, spring plates, and racks, with single or double joints. They are usually made of stainless steel. They are used to compress and fix metal hooks and nails during orthopedic surgery or to apply pressure between vertebrae during spinal surgery. Common ones include compression pliers and pressure pliers.
7.
Implant shaping pliers usually consist of a handle and a jaw connected by a single or double connecting shaft, with straight or curved handles and various sizes. They are usually made of stainless steel or carbide. They are used for cutting, bending, and ligation during orthopedic surgery. Common ones include bone wire cutters, wire cutters, steel plate bending pliers, wire ligation pliers, shearing pliers, rod bending pliers, steel needle pliers, bending pliers, and rod breaking pliers. Heat bending forceps are used to heat plastic bone bonding materials (such as bone plates) and bend them in orthopedic surgery. Usually composed of power supply, thermostat, heating tube, medical silicone tube, stainless steel clamp, etc.
Orthopedic hooks
1.
The retractor usually consists of a head and a handle, with a hook head on the head. It is generally made of stainless steel. It is used to expose the surgical field in orthopedic surgery to make the surgery easier to perform and protect tissues to avoid accidental injuries; or to strip, retract or block nerve roots in orthopedic surgery. Common ones include bone retractors, unilateral lamina retractors, lower limb amputation retractors, meniscus hooks, cervical vertebra retractors, lamina retractors, curved retractors, abdominal S retractors, hip retractors, knee retractors, scapula retractors, orthopedic nerve root retractors, (intervertebral) nerve root retractors, nerve retractors for spinal surgery, and nerve hooks for spinal surgery.
2.
Retractors are usually hook-shaped structures of various forms (such as blunt, sharp, windowed, deep), manually operated, self-locking surgical instruments. They are usually made of stainless steel. They are used to expose the surgical field during orthopedic surgery, making the surgery easier to perform, and protecting tissues from accidental damage. Common types include bone retractors, hand-cranked retractors, multi-directional retractors, bidirectional retractors, adjustable retractors, minimally invasive retractors, tibial retractors, joint minimally invasive retractors, and posterior cranial retractors.
3.
Bone hooks usually consist of a hook and a handle. The head of the hook is usually made of stainless steel. They are used to lift bones during orthopedic surgery [1].
Orthopedic needles
1.
Probes Spinal probes are used to determine whether there is a perforation of the vertebral cortex. They usually consist of a probe with a sensor at the tip and a handle with a circuit. By measuring and analyzing the resistance of different tissues, the contact between the probe tip and the soft tissue is detected and fed back. Arthroscopic surgical probes are operated under endoscopes during surgery to explore tissues and take samples. They are usually composed of a head, a rod or a soft catheter and a handle. The head is needle-shaped, and the operation of the head is transmitted and controlled by the handle. The head is generally made of stainless steel. Bone probes are used to detect direction and depth in orthopedic surgery. They are usually composed of a head and a handle, and are straight, curved and angled. They are generally made of stainless steel.
2.
Traction needles Bone traction needles are usually composed of a head, a needle body and a tail, and can be divided into two types: threaded and light rod types. They are generally made of stainless steel or titanium alloy. They are used for traction, positioning or fixation during fracture surgery.
3.
Positioning guide needles are usually composed of a head, a needle body and a tail, and can be divided into two types: threaded and light rod types. They are generally made of stainless steel or titanium alloy. They are used for guiding, guiding or positioning during orthopedic surgery. Common ones include threaded screw guide needles, pressurized threaded screw guide needles, bone guide needles, bone positioning needles, drill guide needles, and positioning needles.
4.
Fixing needles are usually made of a metal rod with a sharp tip. They are usually made of metal. They are used to fix trial molds or other instruments in joint replacement surgery. Common ones include fixing needles and trial mold fixing needles.
5.
Perforating needles are usually composed of a handle, a cone rod and a cone head. They are usually made of stainless steel, hard aluminum or polyethylene. They are used for perforation or threading in non-spinal surgery. Common ones include orthopedic perforating needles and orthopedic threaders.
6.
Cutting needles are usually composed of a head and a handle. Depending on the handle, the types can be divided into round rod pattern hook needles, hexagonal rod hook needles and flat handle hook needles. They are used to cut soft tissue in orthopedic surgery. For example, orthopedic hook needles [1].
Orthopedic curettes
1.
Orthopedic endoscopic curettes Arthroscopic surgical curettes are usually composed of a head, a rod or a soft catheter and a handle. The head is spoon-shaped and the operation of the head is transmitted and controlled by the handle. The head is usually made of stainless steel. During surgery, the operation is performed under endoscope and it is used to scrape the diseased tissue in minimally invasive orthopedic surgery.
2.
The curette usually consists of a head and a handle. There is a handle at the proximal end and a spoon-shaped concave tip with a sharp edge at the distal end. It can also be double-ended. It is usually made of stainless steel. It is used to scrape lesions, scars in sinus tracts, granulation tissue, and dead bone or pathological tissue in bone cavities and potential cavities. Common types include curettes, bone curettes, hollow bone curettes, straight cup-shaped bone curettes, lamina curettes, cervical vertebrae curettes, vertebroplasty curettes, endplate curettes, vertebral body curettes, scrapers, etc..
Orthopedic awl
1.
Bone awls for interventional surgery usually consist of a guide needle, a hollow drill with a handle, and a working channel. The metal part is usually made of stainless steel, and the handle is usually made of engineering plastics. It is used to drill holes and establish working channels in minimally invasive orthopedic interventional surgery (percutaneous vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, etc.). For example, bone awls are used in minimally invasive orthopedic interventions.
2.
Opening awls usually consist of a head and a handle, with the head having a cutoff design. The head is usually made of stainless steel. They are used to make holes in bones during orthopedic surgery. Common types include bone awls, opening awls, and hand awls.
3.
Tapping awls usually consist of a blade and a handle. The blade is usually made of stainless steel, and the handle is usually made of stainless steel, aluminum, and other materials. They are used to tap threaded holes in bones during orthopedic surgery. Common types include taps, wire taps, bone taps, and bone wire taps [1].